RDC (Radionuclide Drug Conjugate) can be used for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme by targeting molecules and radionuclides that have a damaging effect on the tumor cells.
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), also known as glioblastoma, is one type of Gliomas, one of the most common groups of primary brain tumors, which can be divided into three types, including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. According to WHO (World Health Organization) based on certain pathological features, such as nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation, necrosis, proliferative potential and features clinical course and treatment outcome, Gliomas are subdivided into grade III/IV tumors and grade IV/IV tumors, which includes glioblastoma multiforme.
Causes and Symptoms of Glioblastoma Multiforme
In the Clinical, patients with glioblastoma multiforme may present with headaches, focal neurologic deficits, confusion, memory loss, personality changes, or seizures, which can be detected by MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), combined with other adjunct technologies such as functional MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, perfusion imaging, SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and PET (Positron Emission Tomography).
Glioblastoma multiforme may be induced by several environmental risk factors, including primary exposure to therapeutic ionizing radiation and factors such as vinyl chloride or pesticides, smoking, petroleum refining or production work, and employment in synthetic rubber manufacturing, as well as a number of additional factors, including exposure to residential electromagnetic fields, formaldehyde, and irradiation.
Traditional Therapeutic Effect of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, incidence of which is 3.19 cases per 100 thousand people years with a remarkably poor prognosis in clinical trials, presented as a 5-year survival rate of 4-5%, and a 2-year survival rate of 26-33%.
The standard treatment of glioblastoma multiforme consists of debulking surgery followed by radio- and chemotherapy, as well as immunotherapy as adjuvant therapy, which cannot reduce the high rates of recurrence within a few months after treatment but only extend their overall survival. The response rates of already discovered chemotherapeutic agents were observed in the range of 0 to 20%, while radiotherapy remains the backbone of the treatment. However new treatment modalities must be developed for glioblastoma multiforme patients.
Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment with RDC
Fig.1 PET/CT after local injection of a therapeutic dose of 213Bi-DOTA-SP into the resection cavity of a glioblastoma in patient. (Krolicki, L., et al., 2018, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging)
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